Weasel Words
I was unmoved and unimpressed by this recent article in The Scotsman which provided the BMA with a platform to suggest that recent failings highlighted in NHS Scotland have been caused by a lack of resources.
Now that's not my reading of the Vale of Leven inquiry or the report into NHS Lanarkshire, and the scandal of up to 1200 unnecessary deaths at Mid Staffs Hospital in England was the result of the most basic failure to care for vulnerable patients properly - resources, or the lack of them, were never an issue.
So I think it's quite disingenuous for the BMA to peddle this nonsense as well as poor journalism from The Scotsman not to challenge some of the union's more ludicrous claims.
For example, while the BMA prattles on about the threat posed to the NHS from privatisation why does the newspaper not ask the BMA how this sits with the fact that every family doctor or GP in Scotland is a private contractor to the NHS?
Seems like private contractors in the NHS are fine so long as they are GPs (and BMA members), but not quite so nice and non-threatening if private contractors come from elsewhere.
NHS can’t rely on staff goodwill says BMA leader
The drive to meet targets diverts NHS resources, an Audit Scotland report found. Picture: Stephen Mansfield
By LYNSEY BEWS - The Scotsman
SCOTLAND must find a way of making its health service sustainable instead of relying on the goodwill of its staff, the chairman of the body representing doctors in Scotland has said.
Dr Peter Bennie has used his first Christmas message as chairman of the British Medical Association (BMA) in Scotland to call for change in 2015.
He highlighted a number of recent reports which have been critical of the NHS, including an investigation into above-average mortality rates in NHS Lanarkshire, and an inquiry into a deadly Clostridium difficile outbreak at the Vale of Leven Hospital in West Dunbartonshire.
He said: “Before we look forward, we first need to look back to learn from mistakes and missed opportunities.
“In October of this year, an Audit Scotland report raised questions around the impact of the target culture in the NHS, flagging up points of concern shared by the profession.
“It found that the drive to achieve targets at all costs diverted resources and undermined the professionalism of doctors.
“The Health Improvement Scotland (HIS) report into NHS Lanarkshire and the inquiry into the Vale of Leven both illustrate that systems can become unstable when resources are stretched too thinly.
“In Aberdeen, it is reassuring that the HIS review of the Royal Infirmary showed that patient outcomes had not suffered in spite of the cultural and organisational problems at the hospital.
“There has been a huge reliance on the goodwill of staff across Scotland to keep things going but this is not a sustainable solution.”
He added: “The focus must be on delivering high-quality care to the people of Scotland and to make sure our NHS is sustainable for future generations.
“BMA Scotland is keen to develop greater consensus across the profession about how to do this, and to ensure that the new Cabinet Secretary [Shona Robison] is supported to make it her priority too.”
He said progress towards implementing the findings of the Kerr Report – a blueprint for the future of the NHS published in 2005 by Professor David Kerr – should be reviewed.
Dr Bennie also expressed disappointment that legislation to introduce minimum unit pricing for alcohol continues to be challenged in the courts, and highlighted concerns over the implications for the NHS of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Protocols (TTIP) negotiations.
“The possible increased risk of privatisation of NHS services is now well recognised, but the opportunity for public health policies to be undermined by investor protection arrangements within TTIP is not,” he said.
A Scottish Government spokeswoman said: “The Scottish government agrees that the way we deliver health and social care in Scotland needs to change and our vision for the NHS is to see more people treated at home or in a community setting.
“Landmark legislation to bring the delivery of health and social care together was passed this year and will be fully implemented across the country by April 2016.
“The full integration of these services is designed to get patients home or to a homely setting as quickly as possible and ease pressure across the system.
“The Health Secretary has identified reducing delayed discharge as one of her key priorities for the year ahead and we have invested an additional £10 million in ensuring people are not waiting unnecessarily in hospital when they are fit to be discharged.
“This is as part of the Scottish government’s £28m investment this year in preparing for winter. As part of our focus to treat more people at home and in the community, we have also committed to investing £40m in GP and primary-care services to support new ways of working that can help meet the changing demographics of our population.”
The spokeswoman added: “We have made clear to both the UK government and the European Commission that, like the BMA, we have concerns about the possible impact of TTIP on the NHS and have pressed to ensure that the NHS is explicitly exempt from TTIP.
“The Scottish Government and the public must see the full legal text of any agreement before we can be fully assured that the NHS will continue to be safe in public hands.
“The BMA has been a key partner in our drive to bring real improvements to Scotland’s NHS and we look forward to continuing our work with them.”
Clinical Practice (10 December 2014)
While the NHS has many strengths, one of its real weaknesses is that the health service is a hugely bureaucratic organisation, something which is highlighted in chapter 12 of the independent report into standards of care at the Vale of Leven Hospital.
Now this chapter deals with clinical governance and comes to the conclusion that not only were reporting structures not working properly, there were two parallel lines of management in place.
And you can bet your bottom dollar that an awful lot of these professionals were being paid handsome salaries to do their jobs, yet for reasons that are not made clear in the report this simply did not happen.
Nor does anyone appear to have been held to account, so 'Where are these people now', I ask myself? Are they still working at the Vale of Leven Hospital or have they moved on to some other part of the NHS and if so in what capacity?
Clinical Governance
10.10 Conclusion
This Chapter is concerned with clinical governance issues alone, with a particular focus on the CDI problem at the VOLH. The question of whether infection prevention and control structures should have identified the CDI problem at the VOLH, and the extent to which they did not do so, is considered in Chapter 15.
In relation to infection prevention and control at the VOLH, the Inquiry finds that NHSGGC’s clinical governance system was not operating effectively. It is clear to the Inquiry that, had the clinical governance system been operating effectively, it would have identified the CDI problem in the VOLH. It is inconceivable that an effective clinical governance system would have failed to identify the inadequate input from the Infection Control Doctor, the failure of the infection prevention and control committee structure, and the failures to declare outbreaks of CDI discussed in Chapter 15. The level of reporting and monitoring necessary to identify the sort of failings that led to the levels of CDI at VOLH, was simply not in place. This meant that the Clinical Governance Committee and ultimately the Board remained in ignorance of the system failures within the Clyde Sector.
Had the clinical governance structures at directorate level been effective, the problems with infection prevention and control relating to the VOLH would have come to the attention of senior personnel both within the Acute Directorate and latterly the RAD. It is worth repeating that from 1 September 2007 there were two parallel directorates in the VOLH, and the fact that senior management in both directorates did not identify the CDI problem does emphasise that infection prevention and control was not regarded as integral to clinical governance. Appropriate monitoring within the Acute Directorate should have identified problems by mid‐2007 at the latest. The precise impact of earlier detection cannot of course be measured, but it is reasonable to conclude that had action been taken, many cases of CDI could have been prevented.
Standards of Care (25 November 2014)
The BBC sets out a detailed report on the public inquiry which considered allegations about poor standards of care at the NHS Vale of Leven Hospital after an outbreak of Clostridium difficile (C.diff) in 2007-2008.
I plan to read the full report carefully, but the BBC summary makes clear that there were serious personal failures (by individual staff) as well as systematic failures (management and leadership) that ultimately were the responsibility of NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde.
As a result the inquiry report contains the following, rather shocking, comment:
"Patients at the Vale of Leven Hospital were badly let down by people at different levels of NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde who were supposed to care for them."
And that is why the NHS should never be put on a pedestal because services can fail just like anywhere else, if people let standards slip and don't do their jobs properly.
Vale of Leven C. diff inquiry criticises health board
The inquiry looked into the C. diff outbreak at Vale of Leven Hospital between 2007 and 2008
Scotland's largest health board has been heavily criticised by an inquiry into the country's worst Clostridium difficile (C. diff) outbreak.
The probe, led by Lord MacLean, looked into care at Dunbartonshire's Vale of Leven Hospital between 2007 and 2008.
Of the 143 patients with C. diff, it was a contributory factor in 34 deaths.
Lord MacLean said NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (GGC) had "badly let down" patients. The health board apologised unreservedly for a "terrible failure".
The judge said: "The inquiry has discovered serious personal and systemic failures.
"Patients at the Vale of Leven Hospital were badly let down by people at different levels of NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde who were supposed to care for them."
He added: "There were failures by individuals but the overall responsibility has to rest with the health board."
Lord MacLean said "systems were simply not adequate to tackle effectively a healthcare associated infection" like C. diff.
He added: "The major lesson to be learned is that what happened at Vale of Leven Hospital to cause such personal suffering should never be allowed to happen again."
Lord MacLean also expressed his view that the figure of 34 deaths was probably an underestimate as medical records were not available for all of the patients during the period in question.
He cited poor facilities, such as a lack of wash hand basins and a lack of commodes, as well as issues with the fabric of the building as evidence of poor management.
Scotland's largest health board has been heavily criticised by an inquiry into the country's worst Clostridium difficile (C. diff) outbreak.
The probe, led by Lord MacLean, looked into care at Dunbartonshire's Vale of Leven Hospital between 2007 and 2008.
Of the 143 patients with C. diff, it was a contributory factor in 34 deaths.
Lord MacLean said NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (GGC) had "badly let down" patients. The health board apologised unreservedly for a "terrible failure".
The judge said: "The inquiry has discovered serious personal and systemic failures.
"Patients at the Vale of Leven Hospital were badly let down by people at different levels of NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde who were supposed to care for them."
He added: "There were failures by individuals but the overall responsibility has to rest with the health board."
Lord MacLean said "systems were simply not adequate to tackle effectively a healthcare associated infection" like C. diff.
He added: "The major lesson to be learned is that what happened at Vale of Leven Hospital to cause such personal suffering should never be allowed to happen again."
Lord MacLean also expressed his view that the figure of 34 deaths was probably an underestimate as medical records were not available for all of the patients during the period in question.
He cited poor facilities, such as a lack of wash hand basins and a lack of commodes, as well as issues with the fabric of the building as evidence of poor management.
The five-year long inquiry was led by judge Lord MacLean
Report graphic on C. diff deaths
The judge said that prolonged uncertainty over the future of the Vale of Leven hospital contributed to poor morale and recruitment.
Management failures
Poor leadership among NHS GGC managers, the judge said, contributed to substandard nursing care and deficiencies in medical staffing.
He said inexperienced junior doctors had too much responsibility and consultants were stretched.
Lord MacLean also said antibiotics were prescribed in cases where it was inappropriate.
His report identified a number of failings:
The judge said that prolonged uncertainty over the future of the Vale of Leven hospital contributed to poor morale and recruitment.
Management failures
Poor leadership among NHS GGC managers, the judge said, contributed to substandard nursing care and deficiencies in medical staffing.
He said inexperienced junior doctors had too much responsibility and consultants were stretched.
Lord MacLean also said antibiotics were prescribed in cases where it was inappropriate.
His report identified a number of failings:
- governance and management failures within NHS GGC;
- inadequate attention given by NHS GGC and the Scottish government to reports about other C. diff outbreaks;
- significant deficiencies in the infection prevention and control practices;
- deficiencies in nursing care and medical care;
- lack of strong management.
'Repeated warnings'
Lord MacLean added: "An effective inspection regime, I am convinced, would have been able to identify the dysfunctional nature of infection prevention and control at the hospital.
"There must be an effective line of reporting, accountability and assurance.
"This was lacking for the Vale of Leven Hospital. In addition, repeated warnings over a number of years about the importance of prudent antibiotic prescribing had no impact."
C. diff Inquiry
- C. diff was a contributory factor in the deaths of 34 patients at the Vale of Leven
- C. diff is a bacteria which lives harmlessly in the gut of 10% to 15% of adults.
- It causes diarrhoea when the delicate balance of gut flora is disturbed, often following a course of antibiotics.
- It is easily spread via airborne spores.
- The inquiry into the C. diff outbreak at vale of Leven was delayed five times.
- The eventual cost of the inquiry is estimated to be just under £10m.
Lord MacLean acknowledged that improvements had been made since the C. diff outbreak.
He said: "NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde did introduce more effective reporting systems for CDI (C. diff) after June 2008 but the message should be reinforced that systems must ensure that important information is relayed from ward to board (NHS GGC).
"I am convinced that the adoption of the recommendations proposed will result in a significantly improved focus on patient care, and in particular, care of patients who contract an infection such as CDI.
"Although it was the failures in how CDI was managed at the hospital that governed the work of the inquiry, the recommendations should, I hope, have a more far-reaching impact."
'Profound regret'
Andrew Robertson, chairman of NHS GGC, said: "On behalf of the board and our staff, I would like to offer an full and unreserved apology to the patients affected and to the families who lost a relative to C. diff in the months between January 2007 and late 2008.
"This was a terrible failure and we profoundly regret it.
"I can give the firmest of assurances that, as a result of the lessons that have been learned, this could not happen again."
Health board chief executive, Robert Calderwood, added: "Re-iterating my personal apology I hope the relatives can take some comfort that the lessons learned from this outbreak have resulted in significant improvements in clinical practice, for instance, in more prudent prescribing of antibiotics.
He said: "NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde did introduce more effective reporting systems for CDI (C. diff) after June 2008 but the message should be reinforced that systems must ensure that important information is relayed from ward to board (NHS GGC).
"I am convinced that the adoption of the recommendations proposed will result in a significantly improved focus on patient care, and in particular, care of patients who contract an infection such as CDI.
"Although it was the failures in how CDI was managed at the hospital that governed the work of the inquiry, the recommendations should, I hope, have a more far-reaching impact."
'Profound regret'
Andrew Robertson, chairman of NHS GGC, said: "On behalf of the board and our staff, I would like to offer an full and unreserved apology to the patients affected and to the families who lost a relative to C. diff in the months between January 2007 and late 2008.
"This was a terrible failure and we profoundly regret it.
"I can give the firmest of assurances that, as a result of the lessons that have been learned, this could not happen again."
Health board chief executive, Robert Calderwood, added: "Re-iterating my personal apology I hope the relatives can take some comfort that the lessons learned from this outbreak have resulted in significant improvements in clinical practice, for instance, in more prudent prescribing of antibiotics.
Lord MacLean cited a lack of wash hand basins at the Vale of Leven
"These major improvements introduced since the tragic events of six years ago have made the Vale and all of our hospitals in Greater Glasgow and Clyde safer for patients than they have ever been."
In a statement issued by Thompsons Solicitors, families affected by C. diff at the Vale of Leven said: "There are no words we can say to you today that will accurately convey the anger, hurt and grief we have felt for the past seven years over the suffering that our loved ones endured as they succumbed to this terrible outbreak.
"Many of us watched completely powerless as our dearly loved family members died in distressing and degrading circumstances as hospital staff struggled to cope.
"We have reached the stage today after seven long years where Lord Maclean has identified many of the causes for the outbreak and has made recommendations which we sincerely hope will mean no other families will ever have to suffer the hell we have been through."
NHS 'shame'
The families said the 75 recommendations were "detailed and far reaching" and they expected the health authorities to "fully implement" them.
They added added: "The events at Vale of Leven that began in the late months of 2007 are a shame on the conscious of the Scottish NHS.
"We all believe in the NHS but our faith has been shaken to its very core. As a group will continue to fight until our campaign for justice for loved ones is satisfied.
"These major improvements introduced since the tragic events of six years ago have made the Vale and all of our hospitals in Greater Glasgow and Clyde safer for patients than they have ever been."
In a statement issued by Thompsons Solicitors, families affected by C. diff at the Vale of Leven said: "There are no words we can say to you today that will accurately convey the anger, hurt and grief we have felt for the past seven years over the suffering that our loved ones endured as they succumbed to this terrible outbreak.
"Many of us watched completely powerless as our dearly loved family members died in distressing and degrading circumstances as hospital staff struggled to cope.
"We have reached the stage today after seven long years where Lord Maclean has identified many of the causes for the outbreak and has made recommendations which we sincerely hope will mean no other families will ever have to suffer the hell we have been through."
NHS 'shame'
The families said the 75 recommendations were "detailed and far reaching" and they expected the health authorities to "fully implement" them.
They added added: "The events at Vale of Leven that began in the late months of 2007 are a shame on the conscious of the Scottish NHS.
"We all believe in the NHS but our faith has been shaken to its very core. As a group will continue to fight until our campaign for justice for loved ones is satisfied.
Bereaved families have called for the report recommendations to be implemented in full
"We are sincere in our belief that if we can prevent something like this from ever happening again then at least it will be a fitting tribute to their memories."
Newly-appointed Scottish Health Secretary Shona Robison also apologised to the patients and families affected, saying she was "truly sorry".
She said: "Our NHS failed in its duty of care for all of these patients and their families. As the cabinet secretary for health, that is a matter of deep regret for me, this government and indeed the whole of the health service.
"That is why we will accept all 75 recommendations and go further where we can. As well as creating our implementation group, I am today writing to all health boards to ensure they review their services against the report and respond to the government within eight weeks."
Ms Robison acknowledged that Lord MacLean's report had shown "a clear picture of the failings in the system that led to the C. diff outbreak".
These included a "lack of investment in the hospital, which was simply no longer fit for its purpose...a lack of managerial oversight and a fundamental breakdown in the links between what was happening at ward level and those in positions of authority at the board".
"The report highlights those who either abdicated their responsibilities or failed to carry them out effectively," Ms Robison said.
"There is no place for this conduct in our NHS, which fell below even the minimum standards we expect. It is for the health board as the employer to consider the implications and we would expect them to consider the report's findings on this aspect urgently."
"We are sincere in our belief that if we can prevent something like this from ever happening again then at least it will be a fitting tribute to their memories."
Newly-appointed Scottish Health Secretary Shona Robison also apologised to the patients and families affected, saying she was "truly sorry".
She said: "Our NHS failed in its duty of care for all of these patients and their families. As the cabinet secretary for health, that is a matter of deep regret for me, this government and indeed the whole of the health service.
"That is why we will accept all 75 recommendations and go further where we can. As well as creating our implementation group, I am today writing to all health boards to ensure they review their services against the report and respond to the government within eight weeks."
Ms Robison acknowledged that Lord MacLean's report had shown "a clear picture of the failings in the system that led to the C. diff outbreak".
These included a "lack of investment in the hospital, which was simply no longer fit for its purpose...a lack of managerial oversight and a fundamental breakdown in the links between what was happening at ward level and those in positions of authority at the board".
"The report highlights those who either abdicated their responsibilities or failed to carry them out effectively," Ms Robison said.
"There is no place for this conduct in our NHS, which fell below even the minimum standards we expect. It is for the health board as the employer to consider the implications and we would expect them to consider the report's findings on this aspect urgently."
Analysis, Eleanor Bradford, BBC Scotland health correspondent
The outbreak of clostridium difficile at the Vale of Leven hospital was one of several across the UK at the time.
Authorities often say that much has changed, but this time it really has. Levels of C. difficile are 75% lower than they previously were.
This has been achieved through better hygiene and infection control, but by far the biggest impact in Greater Glasgow was made through a change in the kind of antibiotics prescribed.
The relatives of those who became ill, or died, rightly want to know why these changes weren't in place earlier.
However, the public may end up asking a bigger question - whether it was worth £10m for an inquiry which took so long that by the time it reached its conclusions, the problem had already largely been fixed.
The health secretary noted that at the time of the outbreak, "there was no effective inspection regime at the time to pick up these failings".
"We now have an effective inspection routine through the Healthcare Environment Inspectorate that completes unannounced, comprehensive inspections and demands urgent actions," she said.
Ms Robison added: "Our top priority is that lessons are learned so that what happened at the Vale of Leven can never be allowed to happen again."
A full Scottish government response to the report will be published in spring 2015.
Jackie Baillie, the Labour MSP for Dumbarton, said the findings had "vindicated" the families who had called for a public inquiry.
"The C. diff outbreak at the Vale of Leven Hospital was the worst in the UK due to the high mortality rate," she said.
"The families deserve nothing less than a full apology from the hospital management, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde and the Scottish government for the mistakes which compromised patient care."
'Difficult reading'
She added: "What happened at the Vale of Leven should never be repeated anywhere in Scotland so it is vital we learn lessons and implement MacLean's recommendations in full."
Scottish Conservative health spokesman Jackson Carlaw, said the report would be "extremely difficult reading" for those who lost loved ones.
He said: "Failing after failing is set out here, and there are very tricky questions for both the health board and the Scottish government."
Mr Carlaw said that as Scotland's new First Minister Nicola Sturgeon was health secretary from May 2007 she would "have to explain why the infection control and inspection regimes were so inadequate, and why the Scottish government wasn't paying attention to lessons being learned south of the border".
"We now have an effective inspection routine through the Healthcare Environment Inspectorate that completes unannounced, comprehensive inspections and demands urgent actions," she said.
Ms Robison added: "Our top priority is that lessons are learned so that what happened at the Vale of Leven can never be allowed to happen again."
A full Scottish government response to the report will be published in spring 2015.
Jackie Baillie, the Labour MSP for Dumbarton, said the findings had "vindicated" the families who had called for a public inquiry.
"The C. diff outbreak at the Vale of Leven Hospital was the worst in the UK due to the high mortality rate," she said.
"The families deserve nothing less than a full apology from the hospital management, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde and the Scottish government for the mistakes which compromised patient care."
'Difficult reading'
She added: "What happened at the Vale of Leven should never be repeated anywhere in Scotland so it is vital we learn lessons and implement MacLean's recommendations in full."
Scottish Conservative health spokesman Jackson Carlaw, said the report would be "extremely difficult reading" for those who lost loved ones.
He said: "Failing after failing is set out here, and there are very tricky questions for both the health board and the Scottish government."
Mr Carlaw said that as Scotland's new First Minister Nicola Sturgeon was health secretary from May 2007 she would "have to explain why the infection control and inspection regimes were so inadequate, and why the Scottish government wasn't paying attention to lessons being learned south of the border".
Improvements have been made to care at the Vale of Leven following the C. diff outbreak
He added: "Many of the recommendations set out will already have been acted upon, and I'm sure NHS staff across Scotland are absolutely committed to an outbreak like this never being repeated."
Dr Charles Saunders, chairman of the BMA's Scottish public health committee, said the report was "uncomfortable reading for all of us involved in the provision of healthcare".
"Whilst we recognise, since the beginning of this inquiry, a number of steps have been taken to improve patient safety and the standards of care, it is important that the NHS and the Scottish government are not complacent.
"Some of the circumstances that led to the challenges which were experienced at the Vale of Leven Hospital still exist, and not just in small district general hospitals."
Unison regional organiser, Matt McLaughlin, said: "It is fair to say that NHS Glasgow and Clyde has now put in place systems that would recognise a similar trend were it to occur today and this is to be welcomed.
"However, the report also identifies many issues that are sadly not uncommon across Scotland and that our nursing members have been raising for a long time: short staffing, lack of equipment, wrong skill mix and little or no extra staffing when clinical needs on the ward change."
He added: "Many of the recommendations set out will already have been acted upon, and I'm sure NHS staff across Scotland are absolutely committed to an outbreak like this never being repeated."
Dr Charles Saunders, chairman of the BMA's Scottish public health committee, said the report was "uncomfortable reading for all of us involved in the provision of healthcare".
"Whilst we recognise, since the beginning of this inquiry, a number of steps have been taken to improve patient safety and the standards of care, it is important that the NHS and the Scottish government are not complacent.
"Some of the circumstances that led to the challenges which were experienced at the Vale of Leven Hospital still exist, and not just in small district general hospitals."
Unison regional organiser, Matt McLaughlin, said: "It is fair to say that NHS Glasgow and Clyde has now put in place systems that would recognise a similar trend were it to occur today and this is to be welcomed.
"However, the report also identifies many issues that are sadly not uncommon across Scotland and that our nursing members have been raising for a long time: short staffing, lack of equipment, wrong skill mix and little or no extra staffing when clinical needs on the ward change."
Reevel Alderson, BBC Scotland home affairs correspondent
Campaigners frequently call for a public inquiry to be held following a scandal or tragedy.
But only four have been held since the current law governing them was passed in 2005.
The problem for the government is that inquiries are costly and lengthy.
Lord Penrose's inquiry into the infection of blood for transfusions with the hepatitis C virus has yet to report, although it has reportedly cost £12m and has taken five years so far.
But public inquiries, which are chaired by a judge, are able to make recommendations which become legally binding.
During the ICL inquiry into the Stockline explosion, evidence about badly-maintained underground gas pipes prompted the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to inspect other premises and issue enforcement notices.
In 2012 the Scottish government announced it would consult on improvements to the public inquiry system to make them more responsive, quicker and cheaper.
But nothing has so far been done.
